On January 21, 2019, the Commission nationale de l’informatique et des libertés (French Data Protection Authority) fined Google LLC 50 million euros under EU Regulation known as the General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) for lack of transparency, inadequate information and lack of valid consent as regards personalized advertisements. This is the largest fine imposed in […]
Published on April 25, 2018, Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive (EU) 2017/1132 as regards cross-border conversions, mergers and divisions has the objective to “provide specific and comprehensive procedures for cross-border conversions, divisions and mergers to foster cross-border mobility in the EU while, at the same time, […]
In 2018, the French Ministry of Labor published the pay gaps between men and women: a 9% differential in wage and 25% at the end of the career. Yet, as per the famous principle “equal pay for equal work”[1], the employer is required to ensure equality of remuneration between employees of either gender, as long […]
We are only two months ahead of the expiry of the two-year timeframe provided for by Article 50 of the Treaty on the European Union that will entail the automatic exit of the United Kingdom from the European Union, unless if this timeframe is extended or if an agreement on a transition period is reached. […]
Since the entry into force of Regulation 1/2003[1] on May 1, 2014, the National Competition Authorities (“NCAs”) of the 27 Member States and the European Commission form the “European Competition Network” which aims at ensuring the effective enforcement of Articles 101 and 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (“TFEU”)[2]. 15 […]
In November 2018, the Direction Générale de la Concurrence, de la Consommation et de la Répression des Fraudes (General Directorate for Competition, Consumer Protection and Frauds) published the results of its investigation concerning compliance with the rules on economic protection of consumers in the electronic communications industry. The investigation revealed many breaches of French consumer […]
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